The Pangani River Basin covers 43,650 square kilometres, with 5% of this area in Kenya and the remainder distributed across the Arusha, Kilimanjaro, Manyara and Tanga administrative regions of Tanzania. The Pangani River rises as a series of small streams on the southern sides of Africa’s highest peak, Mt. Kilimanjaro, and on Mt. Meru, which together create the Kikuletwa and the Ruvu Rivers. These join to form the Pangani River, which then passes through the arid Masai Steppe, draining the Pare and Usambara Mountain Ranges (Mkomazi and Luengera tributaries) before reaching the estuary and Indian Ocean at the coastal town of Pangani. The river is 500 km long.



The Pangani River Basin has five main sub-basins in which the main rivers differ significantly in their hydrological characteristics.
These are:
•    Kikuletwa
•    Ruvu
•    Mkomazi
•    Luengera
•    mainstream Pangani

IWMNet is focusing on Kikuletwa sub-basins that has several sub-catchments